WEBVTT 00:00:00.500 --> 00:00:03.975 Welcome to GCSE A Q A Geography revision. 00:00:04.125 --> 00:00:07.257 Topic G 9: UK physical landscapes. 00:00:07.407 --> 00:00:12.260 Use your school’s selected case studies if they differ from these revision examples. 00:00:14.933 --> 00:00:17.493 Relief means the shape and height of the land. 00:00:17.643 --> 00:00:26.335 Uplands have higher elevations and often steep slopes; lowlands are lower and commonly flatter, although each region contains local variation. 00:00:29.000 --> 00:00:32.657 Many major upland areas are in northern and western Britain. 00:00:32.807 --> 00:00:38.875 Major lowlands occur in the south and east, but the U K is not divided by a single sharp boundary. 00:00:41.533 --> 00:00:46.153 Resistant rocks often remain as uplands because they wear away more slowly. 00:00:46.303 --> 00:00:52.263 Rock type, geological structure, uplift, glaciation and river erosion together shape relief. 00:00:54.933 --> 00:00:58.143 The Scottish Highlands are in northern and western Scotland. 00:00:58.293 --> 00:01:02.350 The Grampian Mountains include Ben Nevis, Britain's highest summit. 00:01:05.000 --> 00:01:07.731 The Southern Uplands lie in southern Scotland. 00:01:07.881 --> 00:01:13.927 The Lake District is in northwest England, and the Pennines run broadly north to south through northern England. 00:01:16.600 --> 00:01:22.839 Eryri (Snowdonia) is in northwest Wales, and Bannau Brycheiniog (Brecon Beacons) is in south Wales. 00:01:22.989 --> 00:01:26.082 Dartmoor is an upland area in southwest England. 00:01:28.733 --> 00:01:33.079 Northern Ireland has uplands including the Mourne Mountains in the southeast. 00:01:33.229 --> 00:01:35.661 The Antrim Plateau is in the northeast. 00:01:38.333 --> 00:01:44.987 Lowland examples include the East Anglian Fens, the London Basin, the Vale of York and parts of the Midlands. 00:01:45.137 --> 00:01:50.203 Fertile soils, easier transport and flatter land can favour farming and settlement. 00:01:52.867 --> 00:01:57.001 A drainage basin is the area drained by a river and its tributaries. 00:01:57.151 --> 00:02:01.505 A watershed is the high ground separating neighbouring drainage basins. 00:02:01.655 --> 00:02:03.618 A river drainage basin. 00:02:03.768 --> 00:02:05.923 Tributaries join the main channel. 00:02:06.073 --> 00:02:11.202 The arrow shows downstream flow towards the outlet; this is not a map of a named river. 00:02:15.867 --> 00:02:22.074 The Severn rises in the Cambrian Mountains of Wales and flows through western England towards the Bristol Channel. 00:02:22.224 --> 00:02:24.527 It is the U K's longest river. 00:02:27.200 --> 00:02:31.765 The Thames flows from the Cotswolds through southern England and London to the North Sea. 00:02:31.915 --> 00:02:35.049 Its basin includes densely populated areas. 00:02:37.700 --> 00:02:43.449 The Trent flows through the Midlands and joins the Ouse at the Humber estuary, which opens into the North Sea. 00:02:43.599 --> 00:02:46.393 The Yorkshire Ouse drains parts of northern England. 00:02:49.067 --> 00:02:52.699 The Mersey reaches the Irish Sea through its estuary near Liverpool. 00:02:52.849 --> 00:02:56.619 The Tyne in northeast England reaches the North Sea near Newcastle. 00:02:59.300 --> 00:03:02.605 The Clyde flows west through Glasgow to the Firth of Clyde. 00:03:02.755 --> 00:03:08.259 The Tay flows through central Scotland towards the North Sea and has a large average discharge. 00:03:10.933 --> 00:03:16.767 The Wye runs through Wales and along part of the England to Wales border towards the Severn estuary. 00:03:16.917 --> 00:03:21.951 The Bann drains parts of Northern Ireland, including Lough Neagh, towards the north coast. 00:03:24.633 --> 00:03:31.619 Use an atlas or map to practise locating uplands, lowlands, river sources, directions of flow and estuaries. 00:03:31.769 --> 00:03:36.995 Give relative locations clearly: for example, the Lake District is west of the Pennines. 00:03:39.667 --> 00:03:42.248 That completes UK physical landscapes. 00:03:42.398 --> 00:03:45.743 Revisit the notes and test yourself on the revision website.